HomeMy WebLinkAboutABCC Opinion
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W'L.aURN C. O'SLING. JR.
. . CITY ATTORNEY
OFFICE; OF THE. CITY ATi"ORNEY
464 MUNICIPAL. BUIL.DING
ROANOKE, VIRGINIA 24011
703-981"2431
WILL'""M X PARSONS',
WII...LIAM M', HACKWoFi.'r-H
MARK A. WiLLIAMS....
ASSISTANT CITY ArioA~,EYS
Octo,ber 28, 1983
Mary F. Parker, City Clerk
City of Roanoke
456. Municipal Building
Roanoke, Virginia 24011
Re: Boards, authorities, 'commissions, 'and cOminLtt1i~~~~. "
.~D'ear t1rs. Parker: ,~
,By ~emorandum of October 26, 1983, you' have requested mYi~~4,:-
vice as to d,etermining wh~ch of the City's boards, authoritfes.::~,:\
connn,issionsand committeel:! are permanent and which are .&9. hoc. c' <r
am~ple~sed to respqnd to your request with thj~s 'opirtion,~' ';;
,;jO'
QUESTION PRESENTED
What is the ~ifference between a permanent board, autl101;''~.ty.;,
commission or cOI!JI!littee .bf the City and an ad, hoc 'board, .auFJi9"t~t:,y,
commission or committee or the City? '
, ,.ANSWER
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'Permanent DO.ards, authorities, commissions or' 'committees,;
(entities) are sdinding entities ~hich have acortt.illUing. ~xis):t~4e.
.Ad hoc entities are special entiti'es which go out',o:E '~xls'tenq'e ,:tr9:~
s~qn as they have completed 9- specified task. ",
fACTS
By Ordin.anc,~ NQ. 2.6~'O5" adopted December 2 7, 1982, Cj.~y (go~tnci+
?-dopted new ~2-281.l ,Code o;;E ;theCity of Roanoke (1979) J "'a,$~;ame1),ded,
which. provides' that ".'~.no1I1ember of a pe;rman.ent bo~rd,', au~hdr~ty;:'
, ~ . ". . _ _ _.' _ _ ~ <,t. . <-' ,<.
commission or committee shall be eligibl.e for t~a.pp.o~ntment .1rq "tlje',
same office. for, the term next succeeding'.: ~ . "~ers()p.~ ti9~4i,.t;.gm~!l).f
per~ll~p<?n a permanent comint:ttee on the, .<:late of, ad9ptio.:q.gf' O~,~ifi.i'P:c~
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Mary F. Parker, City Clerk
October 28, 1983 ~
Page 2
No. 26305 are provided a partial "grandfather clause" so that
they are eligible to serve'threeadditional complete'terms of
office. 'In making a.determination as to those entities to which
~2-281.1'hasapplication, you have' raised the question as to the
distinction between '''permanerit'' and "ad hoc."
DISCUSSION OF LAW
Certain entities appointed by City ,Council are specified
by the City Code to be permanent connnitte.es.' ~ong these 'are the
Audit Committee, the Budget and Planning Committee, the Water
Resourc,es Committee, the Human 'Resources Committee, the City
Investment Committee and the Personnel Committee. See '~2-297,
Code of the City of Roanoke '(1979) ~ asam.ended. These, however,
are not the only permanent bodies appointed by the Council.
According to Robert's Rules of Order, Newly Revised, ~49,
committees are 'ordinarily divided into two types: standing
and special. According to Robert's, standing coIIimittees are
those which have a continuing existence. The division of all
committees by Robert's into two types seems analogous to the
City Code's division of Council-appointed bodies into perma-
nent or ad hoc. Black's Law Dictionary 1297 ,(4th Ed. 1957)
defines "permanerit" as follows:
"Fixed, continuing, lasting, stable, enduring,
abiding, not subject to change. Generally op-
posed in law to 'temporary,' but not always meari-
ing 'perpetual.'"
Based on the foregoing definition, it would appear to me that a
permanent committee is synonymous with a standing committee.
Permanerit or standing entities created by City Council are
ordinarily unlimited in duration and are intended by Council
to have a continuing existence. As a rule o'f thumb ,. entities
created by the State Code, City Charter or City Cod~ are.
permanent or standing. For example, the Roanoke City Planning
Commission is required by both the State Code' and City ,Charter.
See ~15.l-427.l, Code of Virginia (1950), as amended; and Roanoke
City Charter ~62(6). The Roanoke City School Board is another
permanent body, and this one is created by City Charter with
the procedure 'for appointment prescribed by City Code. See
, Roanoke City Charter ~~54 through 56; and ~19-19 through-z3, Code
of the City of Roanoke (1979), as amended.' Other permanent
committees owe their existence solely to City Code. See, for
example, the Air Pollution ,Control Advisory and Appeal Board
(~3-31); the Advisory Board of Human Resources (~17-14,et
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Mary F. Parker, City Clerk
.October 28, 1983
Page 3
~.); the Architectural Review Board (~36-373); the Board of
Trustees of the Employees' Retirement System (~22-86); the
Fair Housing Board (~16-l67); the Library Board (~18-13); the
Youth Services Citizen Board (~17-3l et~.); the Airport Ad-
visory Commission (~4-2l et ~.); ana-tne-Personne1 and Employ-
mentPractices Commission-r~2=-83et seq.).
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The ad hoc bodies created by Council seem to be those re-
ferred to by Robert's Rules of Order NewT Revised, as "special"
committees. ccor 1ng to 0 ert s, special committees go out of
existence as soon as they have completed a specified task. See
Robert's Rules of Order. Newly Revised, ~49. -The characteriza-
tion by Robert's of certain committees as "special" is consistent
with the definition of "ad hoc" set out in Black's Law Dictionary
56 (4th Ed. 1957) which is as follows:
"For this; for this special purpose."
The ad hoc entities created by Council are established for a nar-
row and limited purpose with the intention that the entity auto-
matically be terminated upon completion of its work.
Although the rule may not be without exception, for the
most part, ad hoc committees are created by resolution or some-
times merely by motion of Council. The most common ad hoc com-
mittee created by Council is a bid committee which is charged with
the responsibility of tabulating and reviewing certain bids and
reporting to Council; upon rendering its report and action of
Council, the committee automatically goes out of existence. Other
ad hoc committees have been charged with very important responsi-
bilities, such as the Mayor's Advisory Committee to Study the
City's Retirement System and the Citizens Blue Ribbon Long-Range
Planning and Goal-Setting Committee.
I trust that with the benefit of the information contained in
this opinion, you will be assisted in designating the boards,
authorities, commissions and committees established by Council as
either "permanent" or "ad hoc." Should you need assistance in
particular cases, please do not hesitate to call upon me.
With kindest personal regards, I am
Sincerely yours,
WCDJr:c
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Wilburn C. Dib inc- Jr.
City Attorney
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.' RECEIVED
C IT '~1'~C'l Ef(~-\.~j OFFiCE
'88 ,lilliSi' P t:.r:
WIL.;'j;::JRN c:,. OII!lL.ING. JR,
. .:.~. Cl;(. ~~o"N&Y. .
OFFICE OF THE CITY ATTORNEY
484 MUNICIPAL. BUlL-DING,
ROANOKE, VIRGINIA 24011
703-&81-2431
WIL.LIAM X .....,,8QN& '
WIL.LIAM M. HACKWORTH
MA"K A. WIL.LIAM8 , '
A....TANT CITY ATTOIIN&V.
july 13" .1988
Honorable Mayor and Members
of Ci ty , Coun-ci I
Roanoke, Virginia
Re :,,' Appointment of former Council members to bo.ards,
commissions, and authorities
Dea'r Mrs. Bowles and GentlemEm ~
. Yotihave requested that I render an 6~fl~ial o~inion with
regaid to the ippointment of forme~ members of , City Council to,
'boards, commissions or authoritie,s,
QUESTION PRESENTED
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'~, Maya i8rmer mernber of City Council be appointed by Council,
to serve as 'a. member of a City 'boar~, commission., or authority?
ANSWER
, Yes, unless' the appointment is to 2.n "office" as defined by
this oPinion, _,
DISCUSSION OF LAW
Article VI I, ~6, of the ' Constitution of Virginla (1971) prohi-,
bits appointment to an office of 'a .member' of a gOverning body by'
Such bQdy ~xceptas authorized: by ~aw, ,Article-VII, S6 o~ the
Const~tutiori.st~tes ~n pertinent p~rt that~ ' ,
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Nomeinber of a governing body shalf be 'el~gible,
during the term of office for which he was elected,or
~ppointed, to hold ~ny'offi6efilled. bythe'gov~rning'
bod1 bi elec~ion 6r appoint~ent, .except that~a.member .'
of ~ governing body may be named a membe~'ofsuch other'
,boards, ,commissions~ and bodies as may be permitted by
gener~l law and except, that a member of a governing,
body may be. elected:or~pp6inted to fill ~ vacancy 1n,
th~ office 9f mayor or board chairman'if permitted by
~eneral laW"or special act. '
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Honorable Mayor and Members
of City Council
July 13, 1988 "
Page,2
Section 15, .1""800 of the Code of Virginia' (1950), as, amended ( State, ' '
Code), ~hichis' ap~licable to both cities and towris, expands ort
the Constitutiorial provision. This statute provides in relevant'
part that "[n]o member of any council shall be eligible d~ring
his tenure of offi~e as such member~ or for one year thereafter,
to any office to be filled by the council, by election or by
appoin~ment. . . . ". , (Emphasis added.) . ,
The foregoing con~titutional and statutory provisions pre- ,
elude a member of a city council from being appointed, during the .
period of time he holds his position to arty office to be filled'
by a city ~ouncilunless such appointm~nt is exp~es~ly authorized
by law. See Report of the Attorney General. (1976-1977) at 215.
Addi tioIially, the aforementioned statute, $15.1-800 of the St'a te'
Code, prohibits. a member of cit~ council from holding any offic~'
filled by council for a.year after termination of his service on
the' counci 1. The~e 'restric,tions placed on Counci 1 members or
former Council members are to prevent dual office holding either
elective or appointive. However, it must be determined that the
,position on a board, commission, or authority to be filled by
City Council is an "office" within'the meaning of the'provisions
of Article VII, $6, of the Constitution of Virginia (1971) aQd
$15.1-800 of the State Code. The Attorney General has previously
enunciated the criteria for determining whether a position on a
board, a~thority or commission is a public office. .To constitute
a public office~ the position is created by the Constitution
or statutes. It is filled by electiono~appointment, with a
designation or title, and duties'concerning the public, which are
assigned by 'law. A frequent characteristic of such office is a
fixed term of office. See Report of ,the Attorney General,
(1983-1984) at 293. See also Report of the Attorney General
',(1976-1977) a t215 and(1982-1983) at 398.
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The authority for City Council to provide for the'appointment
of citizens to boards or commissionsis'found in $63 of the
Charter of the City of Roanoke. . Under ~2-280 of the Code of the
'City of Roanoke (1979), 'as amended, City Council may establish-
certain authorities,boards, and commissions. Furthermore,
$2-281(a) of the City Code provides'in pertinent part that:
Members of boards, authorities, commission and com-
mittees established by the council shall be selected
by nomination by the mayor or a member of the council,
or upon the application of the,nominee hi~self" and by
election by the ,council upon an affirmative vote by. at
least four (4) members of council.
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Honorable Mayor and Members
of City Counc~l
July ,'13, 1988
Page 3
The above desc~iptiori of the origins and limitations of City'
, Council's selective/elective authority shows a grant to the ,City
'Council of the power to appoint members to boards, authorities,
,commissions and committees. Significantly, the City Council's
power of appointment is constrained fnregard to its members
during their period of service and for oney~a~ thereafter wher~
the position involved' ,falls within the express parameters of a
public office. "
Most relevant to this op1n10n is the fact that a position on
a board, commission or authority must be closely examined to
determine its status as an "office." The determination of the
status-of the position under' consideratio~ shall result in a
decision,as'towhether a retiring member of council' is eligible
forappoiritment, thereto during the one year restrictive' period. .
For ,example, the City of Roanoke Planning Commission ($15.1-
427~1, State Code), Board of Zoning Appeals ($62, City Charter),
School Board ($$22.1-28, 22.1-29.1, State Code; 1$54, 55 and 56;
City ~harter), Industrial, Development Authority ($15.1-1376,
State Code), Advisory, Board of Human Resources ($63.1~43.1, State
Code), and City of Roanoke RedevelOpment and Housing Auth6rity ,
($36-4, State Code) are all statutorily created with appointment
of members to be made by the governing body. Therefore, a posi-
tion on any of the aforementioned boards,commissions,and
authorities is a public office which may not be held,by a former
member of Council for one year after termination of his service
'on CounciL See Report of Attorney General (1976-1977) at
214-217. However, positions on the Civic Center Committee,
, Personnel and Employment Practices Commission, Youth Services
Citizens Board, and Landfill Board are not created by the ,
,Constitutioh,or ~tatutes, and are filled by the goverriing body;
moreover, they are not public offices and Article VII,$6, of the
Constitution, and $15.1-800 of the State Code would not prohibit
a retiring Council member from immediate appointment thereto.,
See Sections 24-45, 24-46,2-83, 2~84 and 17:-31 of the'City Code
and $10.1-1411,and $15.1-21 of the State Code.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, I am of the opinion that unless the position on'
a board, commission, or authority to be held 'by a retiring member
of Council isa public office as has been defined in this opinion,
a retiring member of Council'is not prohibited from ,serving' on
'such a board, commissio~orauthority.
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Honorable M~yor and Member~
of City Council
July 13, 1988
Page 4
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, I trust that this opinionhasbe~n fully resporisive tQ your
inquiry. ShouldCounci I have anyaddi tional questions, I shall"
,'be pleased to address them., '
With kindest pers6nal regards,lam
,WCDj /KHJ: sm
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, cc: W ~ Robert Herbert, City Manager
~,F.parker, City Clerk
CITY OF ROANOKE
Office of the City Clerk
Mary F. Parker, CMC
City Clerk
Stephanie M. Moon
Deputy City Clerk
April 4, 2001
File #110-132
William M. Hackworth'
City Attorney
Roanoke, Virginia~
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Dear Mr. Hackworth:'
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I am attaching. copy" of a report, of the: committee appointed by; Council to study
restructuring of Council-Appointed boards and commissions~ which report was before the
Council of the City of Roanoke at a regular meeting on Monday, April. 2, 2pOt-.
t'
,e
On' motion~ duly.. seconded!' and! unanimously adopted':" Council: cdncurred in the'
recommendations and referred, the report to the City Attorney for prepar~tion of the proper
measure(s)~, '
MFP:smil:
fh':', J'rL-..
Mary. F. Parker; CMC: '
City Clerk'
Attachment4.",,' ',', .
pc:~ ,Darlene L. Burcham~ City Manager::
N:\CKSH1\Asandaa 200 1 \April 2 CClITespondence,wpd'