HomeMy WebLinkAboutGVPC RecommendationsGUN VIOLENCE
PREVENTION COMMISSION
GUN VIOLENCE PREVENTION
COMMISSION REPORT
Violence Prevention Framework
Workshop - City Council
A p r i l 2 0 2 3
Gather, review, and study the issue of gun violence within the City of Roanoke;
Make recommendations to City Council for potential actions that the city may take to
reduce the epidemic of gun violence within our community and to make recommendations
for enhancing existing resources and campaigns; and,
Aid the city in making and developing community partnerships to assist in the reduction of
gun violence.
Purpose
The Gun Violence Prevention Commission was formed as a Permanent Committee through the
action of the City Council, as set forth in Ordinance No. 42012-031521, adopted on March 15,
2021. The purpose of the Commission, as defined in the City Code and Bylaws of the
organization, is to
Further, in this statement conveyed on our monthly meeting agendas, the purpose is to study
the issue of gun violence in the community, recommend strategies for prevention, intervention, and
response to reduce incidents of gun violence and address its effects on the community, and to work
with citizens and community partners in developing programs that create meaningful opportunities
for positive non-violent pathways for health and wholeness.
The members of the Commission are Dr. Eric Anderson, Rabbi Kathy Cohen, Rev. Tim Harvey,
Decca Knight, Elliot Major, Nicole Ross, Stacey Sheppard, Shakira Williams, and Vice Mayor Joe
Cobb.
History and Timeline
In February 2019, following a Public Safety briefing given by Chief of Police Tim Jones, Vice
Mayor Joe Cobb met with Mayor Sherman Lea and City Manager Bob Cowell to discuss the rise
in homicides and aggravated assaults related to gun violence in the community and the
formation of a task force to address gun violence in the community. At the recommendation of
the Mayor and Vice Mayor, City Council created a Task Force to Reduce Gun Violence,
comprised of twenty citizens and a City Council representative to convene in a series of
community meetings to study the issue of gun violence in the community and make
recommendations to City Council on strategies for prevention, intervention, and response.
During the inaugural meeting in May 2019, members of the Task Force indicated they wanted
the City and Council to have a role in leading this effort to ensure effective engagement of the
community in long-term efforts. The Task Force met throughout the summer, with multiple
community meetings and two public hearings, to prepare recommendations.
These recommendations were presented to City Council on Monday, November 4, 2019, and
included strategies in five areas: Safer Neighborhoods, Education, Reducing Gang Activity,
Violence and Recidivism, Coordinated Rapid Response, and Media and Marketing Campaign.
The recommendations were received and approved by Council.
To create an action plan for the recommendations, City Council created the Ad Hoc Study
Committee on the Reduction of Gun Violence in early 2020, and an initial community
stakeholders meeting was held in February 2020 to engage interest and support for the
community-based recommendations.
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When Covid-19 arrived in March 2020, everything shut down, including Study Committee
meetings. These were resumed virtually in June 2020, with working groups in each of the five
strategic areas building action plans for the recommendations. This action plan was presented
to and received by City Council in November 2020.
To carry this work forward, City Council formalized these efforts by establishing the Gun
Violence Prevention Commission on March 16, 2021, including a general funds budget line item
of $75,000 to begin implementation of the plan. The Commission created a Grant Writing Team
to research, write, and apply for state and federal funding and submitted applications for a
Youth and Gang Violence Community Assessment Grant made possible through funding by the
General Assembly and the Gun Violence Intervention Program Grant through the DCJS.
In May 2021, the Commission created and announced a process for city-wide mini-grants in gun
violence prevention and intervention. These grants were awarded to seventeen local non-
profits who submitted proposals for funding of up to $5,000.
The Commission received word in June 2021 that both grants applied for in the Spring had been
awarded to the City of Roanoke. The Youth and Gang Violence Community Assessment grant
($25,000) was implemented in the Fall of 2021 through a contract with Elite Business Strategies
and completed on December 31, 2021. We were the first in the state to complete our local
assessment, and it was the first of its kind implemented in Roanoke.
The Gun Violence Intervention Program Grant ($500,000) provided funding to hire a Youth and
Gang Violence Prevention Coordinator and two Outreach Workers and provide program
support for community-based prevention and intervention programs. This team began work in
October 2021.
During the summer of 2021, as part of one of the mini-grants awarded to TAP (Total Action for
Progress), a youth symposium was held to center the voices of young African American men to
share their stories and life experiences in Roanoke. This conversation with community leaders
led to a gathering of Youth Service Providers later that summer to begin discussing gaps in
youth services and activities in the community. Four key areas emerged from these meetings,
which continue to be held on a quarterly basis: youth employment, mental health, safe spaces
and housing, and youth activities.
In September 2021, the Star City Strong Citizen Panel, appointed by City Council, met to
prioritize ARPA funding. This Panel recommended $2 million for Violence Interruption efforts in
the city.
In April 2022, the Commission created a protocol for mini-grant and Violence Interruption
grants to non-profit agencies in the city. $500,000 was awarded to twenty-three agencies for
two-year violence interruption programs and one-year violence prevention and intervention
programs.
The City also contracted with Engage Strategies, following an RFP procurement process to
develop a comprehensive, multi-year communications and marketing plan to address and
reduce gun violence in the community. The plan will soon be presented to City Council.
n February 2023, the Commission held a strategic planning retreat, and the recommendations
from that retreat are being presented to City Council during the Gun Violence Prevention
Framework workshop on April 10, 2023.
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Income inequality
Poverty
Underfunded public housing
Under-resourced public services
Underperforming schools
Lack of opportunity and perceptions of hopelessness
Easy access to firearms by high-risk people
Root Causes
From the beginning of our work to address and reduce gun violence, efforts have been focused
on addressing the root causes. According to the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence
Solutions, the root causes of gun violence nationwide include:
Through our local research, we agree with a majority of these root causes, though we differ in
believing that we have a strong school system that is working hard to help all of our students
excel through equitable educational opportunities. We also believe that a lack of social
connectedness, unhealed trauma, lack of social-emotional learning, and a need for trauma
training and restorative justice and conflict resolution skills are essential to the reduction of
gun violence.
Through numerous interviews and meetings with youth in our community over the last two
years, the following were identified as important for a reduction of gun violence:
Keys to Transformation
Sense of Purpose and Identity
Empowerment
Cultural History and Context
Seeing Self as Leader
Influence as a Strength in Guiding Peers and Younger Siblings/Children
Resources for Empowerment
Educational Experiences like AACCI
(African American Culture and Contemporary Issues)
Arts and Cultural Experiences and Opportunities
Safe Spaces to Hang Out and Be Together
Counseling Availability
Conflict Resolution and Peer Support
Employment Opportunities
Addressing Transportation Barriers
Connection to the Earth – Gardening and Urban Farming
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Increase access for youth to workforce training opportunities
Re-advertise and rebrand training opportunities through social media
Create and enhance Youth-based small business ownership and entrepreneurship
Develop and host a Youth/Young Adult to Business Forum with youth and young adult
vendors present
Create ongoing Conversation Circles with youth and young adults on Mental Health Access
and Care
Grow capacity to increase and sustain Mental Health Providers in the community
Determine pathways to better community importance of mental health to and with youth
Support Community Partners in advocating for suicide prevention through education and
information sharing
Focus on ensuring that our homes and community spaces are safe for youth and their
families
Connecting families and youth with resources to enhance safety
Explore the creation of Safe Houses/Housing for youth and families at risk of greater
violence (and continued support for existing spaces)
Gun Safety Campaign
Substantial Risk Protective Orders – increase community education
Working with community partners to develop an annual Celebration of our Youth Talent
Experience – March 24, 2023 (Talent in the Star featured over 40 youth, 23 acts, and full
funding support by Youth Service Providers in the community)
Convene, in collaboration with the Gun Violence Prevention Commission, regular
roundtable and listening experiences with our youth to center and elevate their voices in
creating solutions to violence in our community
In addition to these key areas of transformation and empowerment, a newly formed Youth
Service Providers Collaborative has been created, providing quarterly meetings for these
providers to create, develop and implement priorities and programs based on these areas.
Here is a summary of the four key areas of focus that have emerged and the current efforts to
address them:
Youth Employment:
Mental Health:
Safe Spaces and Housing:
Youth Activities:
Current Realities of Gun Violence Incidents in the Community
The Roanoke Police Department and their I-Star Crime Analysis Team have provided
extraordinary support to the Gun Violence Prevention Commission with monthly reports
outlining data related to Aggravated Assaults or Homicides Where the Victim Was Hit by
Gunfire, Gunfire Incidents Timetable (24-hour period), Source of Calls for Service-Related
Gunfire Incidents, Homicide, Aggravated Assaults and Domestic Aggravated Assaults Victim and
Offender Analyses, and Origin of Crime. We are working with RPD to expand socio-economic,
educational, and other demographic information that may assist in developing effective and
evidence-based best practices in gun violence reduction.
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Below is Comparison Data related to Gun Violence Incidents from 2020-2023:
Add a little bit of body text
*The charts and tables above count the number of offenses within an incident, not the number of victims.
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Bridging the Community Gap (Annual Anti-Violence Event to Raise Awareness, in
collaboration with TAP and community partners)
Reading programs (the first program was an educational video featuring “The Little Blue
Truck” in collaboration with RCPS, and then Reading Programs with Westside Elementary
and currently with Lincoln Terrace Elementary School)
Crime prevention and violence reduction through environmental design (identifying areas
in the city with the highest incidents of gun violence and creating efforts to address blight,
inadequate lighting, and safer streets)
Creation and implementation of a family educational program focused on social-emotional
learning skills development (Family Service of Roanoke Valley created a Curriculum on
Social Emotional Learning, and 17 community organizations have received training and are
implementing the curricula as part of their after-school programs)
Increased parental and family support of the Gun Safety Pledge and Gun Lock Distribution
program (in collaboration with RCPS and community partners)
Increased collaboration between RPD and community partners on awareness and
education regarding gangs
Work with Sheriff’s Department and community partners to increase access to programs,
education, and counseling for returning citizens
Create a 24-hour rapid response team and crisis intervention center with a live and text-
based hotline for an immediate response, anonymous tips, and conflict resolution (still in
development)
Collaborate with local hospitals for hospital-based intervention programs
Recommended support for the RESET program grant (received and implemented in
2020/2021)
Assist FEDUP and other organizations with attaining 501c3 status (FEDUP has completed
this process; we also assisted BoxFit)
Hire a communications/marketing partner through competitive RFP to assist Task Force
and community partners in developing and implementing a branded public influence
campaign to address gun violence in the community (currently working with Engage
Strategies and 5 Points Creative)
Development of Parenting Videos (pilot video “Normal Development” completed; second
video “Punishment vs. Discipline” underway)
“Be A Resilience Champion” training provided in collaboration with Roanoke Prevention
Alliance for community members
Prevention Efforts
From the initial recommendations of the Task Force to Reduce Gun Violence, prevention efforts
included (and continue to include):
Safer Neighborhoods:
Education:
Reducing Gang Activity, Violence, and Incarceration Recidivism:
Coordinated Rapid Response:
Communications and Marketing:
Additional Prevention Efforts:
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Development of Parenting Videos (pilot video “Normal Development” completed; second
video “Punishment vs. Discipline” underway)
“Be A Resilience Champion” training provided in collaboration with Roanoke Prevention
Alliance for community members
Roanoke Remembers (Community Memorial Events held in 2019 and 2022 in remembrance
of individuals who have died from acts of violence)
GVPC Presentations to Faith-based Partners (ongoing)
Community Garden at EnVision Center – Lansdowne (ongoing)
Lincoln Terrace Reading Program (ongoing)
Community Presentations on the Impact of Trauma and Intersections with Violence
(ongoing)
Trauma and Emotional Awareness with Roanoke Redevelopment and Housing Authority
and Community Cookout (ongoing)
Discussion regarding the development of a Trauma-Response Team (for immediate
response to incidents of gun violence in collaboration with RPD, Fire/EMS, and RESET)
Soul Box Project (Artist in Residence Jane McCadden)
Watershed Project: A Review of the Connection between gun violence incidents in
watershed areas and a lack of tree canopy (Artist in Residence Jane McCadden)
Dreaming Big Initiative (Artist in Residence Simone Patterson, EnVision Center)
Completion of first Youth and Gang Violence Community Assessment in 2021; second once
scheduled for Fall of 2023
Community Engagement: Identify and connect community resources to the citizens.
Develop partnerships to mitigate barriers to resources and build community influencers.
Prevention Services Implemented: Improve families, age-appropriate school programs,
positive peer relationship building, and one-on-one case management.
Intervention Services Implemented: Violence Interrupters, establishing community
influencers and block captains,m Intensive Like Skill coaches, Community workshops,
seminars, and groups.
Enrichment Activities: Age-appropriate activities to include art, music, sports programs,
and healthy eating workshops.
Additional Prevention Efforts:
Intervention Efforts
The creation of the Youth and Gang Violence Prevention or “Street Prevention and Intervention
Team” under the leadership of Chris Roberts intervenes with youth and their families who are
disproportionately affected by gun violence and work to redirect their lives by providing
essential resources for health and wholeness. Key program areas include:
YOUTH AND GANG VIOLENCE PREVENTION UNIT
The Youth and Gang Violence Unit's charge is to build healthy communities by engaging with
the community, providing prevention and intervention services, and creating, developing, and
implementing enrichment activities.
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Worked with Better Agreements to pilot a community conflict resolution program in the fall
of 2022. The first cohort had five graduates. We will continue to explore ways to strengthen
a similar program in the future.
Trauma Basics Training for community residents and families (two held in 2021, new
sessions being planned for roll out in 2023)
Access to Trauma Counseling and Mental Health Support in collaboration with community
partners - Family Service of Roanoke Valley received a $150,000 U.S. Department of
Justice $150,000 grant to place a Mental Health provider at the EnVision Center for
families to access counseling over the next two years
$100,000 awarded to ten non-profit and faith-based organizations for gun violence
prevention and intervention programs (2022). This will be replicated in 2023 and 2024.
$400,000 awarded to thirteen non-profit and faith-based organizations for Violence
Interruption programs through 2024. One of these efforts included Groceries Not Guns, a
successful gun buyback program now being duplicated by localities across Virginia and the
nation.
Operation Neighborhood Pinpoint - Using a public health approach, community partners
will work with the Roanoke Police Department to identify locations throughout our city that
have become hotspots for gun violence and criminal activity. Using data, we will collaborate
in a community-based effort, with a team of neighborhood leaders and residents to form
Operation Pinpoint Teams to create intervention and prevention-based, immediate
response actions to both address and reduce the gun violence in the identified area. This
approach will provide more direct intervention through increased opportunities, social
services and quality of life services for individuals and families at risk and the ability
through community engagement to increase long-term resiliency. The initial area of focus is
Hanover Ave in NW Roanoke. Agency Leads: United Way of Roanoke Valley and Youth and
Gang Violence Prevention Coordinator
The team provides daily community outreach with youth and families to address and break the
cycle of gang and gun violence, leads Community Healing Circles, and developed the Empathy
Project to bring healing to families directly affected by the loss of loved ones to gun violence.
In addition to the work of this team, the Commission has implemented the following
Intervention programs:
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RESET (Rapid Engagement of Support in the Event of Trauma) Team Outreach (Lloyd
Merchant, Coordinator + team of community volunteers) who have responded with 40
community visits to homes and neighborhoods impacted by gun violence and
accompanying trauma (ongoing)
Coordinated rapid response supportive services and family assistance in collaboration with
Carilion and community partners for persons experiencing the effects of gun violence
(ongoing)
Support of FEDUP (Families Experiencing Deliverance Using Prayer), including completion of
non-profit status to better assist families with immediate and long-term support after acts
of gun violence. FEDUP has expanded its program to include “Let’s Go Orange” for June 3,
2023, in support of gun violence awareness and a monthly grief support group that is
transforming the lives of women and children impacted by gun violence
Carilion Clinic: Violent Injury Recovery & Support Program (VIRS) - $200,000 grant
Hospital-based Intervention Program. It is not unusual for Carilion’s trauma teams to
respond to gun-related injuries on a daily basis. Now, they are launching the VIRS program
to assist gun violence survivors beyond the bedside with the help of a new team member:
an intervention specialist. The intervention specialist will act as a care coordinator,
connecting survivors with resources that help them with long-term, quality-of-life recovery
(e.g., mental health resources, housing, and more)
City of Roanoke/TAP: Gun Violence Emergency Relocation Project (GV-ER) - $200,000
TAP’s GV-ER project will focus on relocating low-income families in the City of Roanoke from
hot spots of violence and/or unsafe living conditions that would likely expose them to
further violence. It follows a model TAP has seen success with for victims of domestic
violence. GV-ER includes a scattered site housing-first approach to increase the safety of
families at the highest risk of gun violence, as well as strong support services to address
trauma. It will also provide affected families with supportive services to address prior
trauma, increase mental well-being, and help families sustain safe housing. The goal is to
serve between 12 and 24 families over the grant term.
Response Efforts
Response is critical in meeting the needs of individuals and families affected by gun violence.
Whether one is injured, experiences the loss of a loved one, or is reeling from the trauma of
witnessing an act of gun violence, our immediate and long-term response is critical in providing
resources for assistance and in the process of grieving and healing.
Current response efforts include:
Funding Sources
Below is a summary of funding sources related to gun violence reduction efforts in the City
since 2020. The sources in bold are related to the City’s community-based efforts and have
been developed in partnership with the Gun Violence Prevention Commission and community
partners. The sources in regular print are dedicated to law enforcement and justice efforts.
2020/2021:
•$75,000 in General Funds (utilized for pilot programs and initial round of mini-grants to
community partners)
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$648,661 Funding for 13 School Security Officers (State)
$6,528,748 Roanoke City 599 Public Safety Funding (State)
$28,193 Staffing for RPD Domestic Violence Specialist (State)
$200,000 (CBGVLI) Gun Violence Emergency Relocation Program (TAP)
$150,000 (Title II) TEAM Juvenile Justice Youth Exposure to Gun Violence (Family
Service, Envision Center Mental Health Specialist)
$200,000 (CBGVI) Hospital-Based Violence Injury Program (Carilion)
$300,000 for continued funding in support of the Youth and Gang Violence Prevention
Team and RESET Outreach Worker (AG’s Office)
$700,000+ for law enforcement enhanced crime analysis and equipment (State)
2021:
•$25,000 Youth and Gang Violence Community Assessment (State)
•$500,000 Gun Violence Intervention Program Grant (Youth and Gang Violence
Prevention Team and Program support) (State)
2021/2022:
•$75,000 in General Funds (utilized for the purchase and distribution of 8,000 gun locks in
collaboration with RCPS; and creation and implementation of Operation Neighborhood
Pinpoint program (based on a model from Chicago) in collaboration with United Way of
Roanoke Valley, Youth and Gang Violence Prevention Team and community partners)
•$2,000,000 prioritized by Citizen Panel of local ARPA funding for Violence Interruption
2022:
Summary of Strategic Planning Process
In February 2023, the City of Roanoke’s Gun Violence Prevention Commission began the
strategic planning process. Building upon the knowledge gained over the past four years and
the outcomes of previous efforts to reduce gun violence within the City of Roanoke, the
Commission enlisted the facilitation services of the Council of Community Services to undergo
the planning process. Two planning sessions were held to review the work of the Commission
to date, gain consensus around goals moving forward, and to create the recommendations
included in this document.
Tasked with gathering and reviewing information to study the issue of gun violence within the
community; making recommendations to City Council for potential actions to reduce the
epidemic of gun violence; making recommendations for enhancing existing resources and
campaigns; and aiding the City in making and developing community partnerships to assist in
the reduction of gun violence, the Commission has seen success in several areas. In 2019, the
Commission presented recommendations to the City Council. This plan is a continuation of
those recommendations, updated to reflect the current state of gun violence in the City.
Through its study of evidence-based data, the Commission has identified the root causes of
gun violence in the City of Roanoke as income inequality, poverty, underfunded public housing,
under-resourced public services, lack of opportunity, and perceptions of hopelessness, social
connectedness, and easy access to firearms by high-risk people. The Commission maintains its
focus on the prevention of, intervention/interruption, and response to gun violence within the
City of Roanoke.
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The recommendations on the following pages were developed with the intent of reducing
violence related to guns, addressing the root causes of gun violence, and establishing the
prevention infrastructure necessary to ensure effectiveness. This set of recommendations is
built upon the idea that comprehensive strategies and dedicated resources can significantly
reduce gun violence and help achieve safety within the greater community.
Acknowledgments
The Gun Violence Prevention Commission would like to thank the City Council for its support of
these important and vital long-term efforts in reducing gun violence in our community. Local
Government leadership and support are critical to a sustainable community-based effort.
Because of the work done by the Task Force, Study Committee, and GVP Commission, an
infrastructure of community stakeholders and partners has placed and kept us in a strong
strategic position to not only apply for and receive state and federal funding but to continue
this work as long as possible.
We want to thank all our community partners and citizens for their tireless work in making
these prevention, intervention, and response strategies meaningful and effective. We also want
to thank Angie O’Brien, our Assistant City Manager and Staff Liaison, Laura Carini, Sr. Assistant
City Attorney and liaison, and all City staff who assist with our efforts.
It is critical to remember that for our city to continue addressing violence reduction through
evidence-based strategies, we need the support of city leaders and community partners to pilot
and experiment with programs that we believe will work in our city. Many programs can’t just
be tried once and then expected to deliver long-term results. Our ability to be agile and patient
with program development and delivery is essential to our long-term success.
With gratitude and a willingness to continue this work, we present the following Strategic Plan
Recommendations.
Gun Violence Prevention Commission
Dr. Eric Anderson, Rabbi Kathy Cohen, Rev. Tim Harvey, Decca Knight, Elliot Major, Nicole Ross,
Stacey Sheppard, Shakira Williams and Vice Mayor Joe Cobb
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Identify and fund research partner(s)
Implement a second community needs assessment
Work with government/media/marketing partners to share information widely
City Council to define frequency and detail of GVPC reporting
Clarify policies and procedures for awarding and distributing funds and confirm consistencies in
policies and procedures in all City-appointed authorities, boards, and commissions
Communicate policies and procedures around awarding and distributing funds to the general
public
City Council is tasked with keeping themselves informed about grants, grant process, and
awarded grantees of all City-appointed authorities, boards, and commissions.
City Council is tasked with ensuring funding in City’s annual budget
Seek funding from local, regional, and national philanthropic foundations
Seek funding from local businesses
Seek funding from the state and federal governments
Establish an annual budget for the Gun Violence Prevention Commission to use for operations
and grantmaking
Recognize the $1.5M secured by the GVPC since 2021
RECOMMENDATION 1:
To continue the research process of gathering and reviewing evidence-based data related to
the root causes of gun violence.
OUTCOME: More informed City government and community
RECOMMENDATION 2:
To codify a framework for the City of Roanoke’s gun violence funding support of prevention,
intervention, and response efforts
OUTCOME: The Gun Violence Prevention Commission structure is aligned with other existing City
Advisory Boards and Commissions
RECOMMENDATION 3:
Secure ongoing funding for gun violence prevention, intervention, and response efforts by
identifying sources of dedicated and sustainable funding streams.
OUTCOME: City and Commission resourced to address gun violence in the community in
coordination with approved recommendations
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Build the capacity of local organizations addressing the root causes of gun violence to actively
participate as partners in gun violence reduction. Capacity-building may include coalition-
building, board development, sustainable funding, etc.
Promote private-sector, government, nonprofit, grassroots organizations, and faith-based
partnerships
Pursue engagement with community foundations and local businesses
Establish an Adult Community Advisory Board and a Youth Advisory Board for gun violence
prevention
Consult with Youth Services Citizen Board
Host grant writing workshop
Identify sustainable funding for long-term public campaign
Test messaging and messengers to ensure what is communicated about gun violence
resonates with the community
Landing page for the general public
Responsive/ad hoc committees to address tasks within recommendations
City Council to determine the process to achieve this recommendation
RECOMMENDATION 4:
To increase and sustain partnerships within the community to aid in the reduction of gun
violence
OUTCOME: Supported and enhanced resources and partnerships to address gun violence
RECOMMENDATION 5:
To implement a public campaign to promote the City’s efforts to prevent, interrupt, and
respond to gun violence.
OUTCOME: The community is informed on the causes of gun violence, the resources that exist in
the community, and the City’s response
RECOMMENDATION 6:
To support the GVPC internal committee structure and stakeholder engagement plan
OUTCOME: An internal structure to support the work of the Commission
RECOMMENDATION 7:
To add two youth and young adult (non-voting) seats to the GVPC.
OUTCOME: Youth perspectives incorporated into the planning and recommendations around gun
violence
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Blight
Workforce Development/Economic Opportunity
Affordable housing
Education (Clear, actionable partnership plan with RCPS that addresses the reduction of gun
violence)
Greenspaces, tree canopy
Youth activities
Opportunities for social connection
Legislative and law-enforcement strategies to reduce the accessibility of illegal firearms
RECOMMENDATION 8:
To address, with the City Council, the root causes of gun violence with these
recommendations, in an identified and prioritized section of the city.
OUTCOME: An informed and focused response to root causes and opportunities to combat gun
violence
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